Aviation is the practical aspect or art of aeronautics, being the design, development, production, operation, and use of aircraft, especially heavier-than-air aircraft. The word "aviation" was coined by French writer and former naval officer Gabriel La Landelle in 1873, from the verb "avier" (synonymous flying), itself derived from the Latin word "avis" ("bird") and the suffix "-ation".
The modern age of aviation began with the first untethered human lighter-than-air flight on November 21, 1783 of a hot air balloon designed by the Montgolfier brothers. The practicality of balloons was limited because they could only travel downwind. It was immediately recognized that a steerable, or dirigible, balloon was required. Jean-Pierre Blanchard flew the first human-powered dirigible in 1784 and crossed the English Channel in one in 1785.
Operations of aircraft
- Civil Aviation - Civil aviation includes all non-military flying, both general aviation and scheduled air transport.
- Air Transport - There are five major manufacturers of civil transport aircraft:
- Airbus, based in Europe.
- Boeing, based in the United States.
- Bombardier, based in Canada.
- Embraer, based in Brazil.
- United Aircraft Corporation, based in Russia.
- General Aviation - General aviation includes all non-scheduled civil flying, both private and commercial. General aviation may include business flights, air charter, private aviation, flight training,ballooning, parachuting, gliding, hang gliding, aerial photography, foot-launched powered hang gliders, air ambulance, crop dusting, charter flights, traffic reporting, police air patrols and forest fire fighting.
- Military Aviation - Military Aviation includes all types of balloons and aircraft used for military use.
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